BIODIESEL OBTAINED FROM Transestrification OF EDIBLE OR NON EDIBLE OILS WITH METHANOL IN THE PRESENCE OF HOMOGENOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS. IN THE PRESENT WORK, THE TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION OF WASTE COOKING OIL WITH METHANOL, IN THE PRESENCE OF MAGNESITE ORE AS A HETEROGENOUS CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FUEL WAS INVESTIGATED. THESE CATALYSTS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY USING OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD), SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM), FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETER (FTIR), THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA) TECHNIQUES [1, 2]. THE MAGNESIT ORE WAS SUCCESSFULLY USED FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION VIA TRANSESTERIFICATION. MOREOVER, THE OBTAINED EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE CATALYST ACTIVITY DEPENDS ON THE TIME AND TEMPERATURE OF CALCINATION AS WELL AS TO THE METHANOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO. THE EFFECTS OF OPERATING process CONDITIONS SUCH AS METHANOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO, REACTION TEMPERATURE, REACTION TIME AND CATALYST LOADING ON THE BIODIESEL FUEL YIELD WERE CAREFULLY INVESTIGATED.IN ADDITION, COMPOSITION OF PRODUCED METHYL ESTERS WAS ANALYZED WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPH (GC) EQUIPPED WITH A FID DETECTOR. BIODIESEL YIELD OF 92.1% WAS ACHIEVED WHEN TRANSESTERIFICATION WAS CARRIED OUT AT 60OC BY USING 5WT.% CATALYST AND 9: 1 METHANOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO IN 75 MIN. THE CATALYST CAN BE REUSED FOR 5 TIMES AND REDUCE THE COST OF BIODIESEL PREPARATION process.

INCREASING DEMAND FOR ENERGY AND GLOBAL WARMING ARE TWO MAJOR CHALLENGES FACING MODERN SOCIETY. MICROALGAE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CREATURES ARE IN THE PRESENCE OF LIGHT, CO2 AND NUTRIENTS SUCH AS N, P, K, FE, … THRIVING AND ACCUMULATION OIL IN ITS POTENTIAL TO PROVIDE LARGE-SCALE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION [1]. MICROALGAE BIOMASS IN AN OPTIMAL LIPID LEVELS OF NUTRIENTS CAN BE INCREASED. SOME OF THE NUTRIENTS INCREASE THE GROWTH RATE AND INCREASED BIOMASS MICROALGAE, WHILE DECREASES ARE BIODIESEL [2]. IN THIS WORK, STUDIES ON THE N, P, K ON THE GROWTH RATE AND THE AMOUNT OF BIODIESEL OBTAINED CYCLOTELLA MICROALGAE QUANTITATIVELY (WEIGHT) AND QUALITY (GC-MAS) WAS STUDIED.

FOSSIL FUELS CREATE POLLUTION AND GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS, EVEN THE ENERGY RESOURCES ARE BEING EXHAUSTED. HENCE, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY SOURCES FOR SUPPORYING MODERN CULTURES1. MICROALGAE EXHIBIT A NUMBER OF HEAVY UPTAKE. HEAVY METALS CAUSE POLLUTION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS. HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF THESE METALS CAN ACCUMULATE OVER TIME IN MICROORGANISMS SUCH AS MICROALGAE, WHICH HAVE A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF LIPIDS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IS CAUSING DAMAGE TO THEIR BIOLOGICAL2. IN THIS WORK, THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF HEAVY METALS NI (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 MM NISO4.6H2O) AND CO (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 COSO4.7H2O) ON THE GROWTH RATE AND THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM MICROALGAE BIOMASSCYCLOTELLA THEM QUANTITATIVELY (EIGHT) AND QUALITY (GC-MAS) WERE EVALUATED.

IN THIS PAPER, THE REACTOR OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION VIA TRANSESTERIFICATION process OF SOYBEAN OIL WAS MODELED AND THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ALCOHOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO WAS INVESTIGTED AS AN IMPORTANT PARAMETER IN THIS REACTION. MASS BALANCES WERE DERIVED FOR COMPONENTS OF REACTIONS. THE GOVERNING EQUATIONS WERE SOLVED USING COMSOL SOFTWARE. EXPERIMENTAL DATA IS GIVEN IN LITERATURE THE RESULTS SHOW THE OPTIMUM ALCOHOL TO OIL MOLAR RATIO BY CONSIDERING ALL PARAMETERS LIKE BIODIESEL PURIFICATION AND SEPERATION COULD BE 6:1 THAT APPROVED THE PREVIOUS STUDIED.